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// **************************Synchronized的使用方式**************************
// 1.用于代码块
synchronized (this) {}
// 2.用于对象
synchronized (object) {}
// 3.用于方法
public synchronized void test () {}
// 4.可重入
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
    synchronized (this) {}
}
// **************************ReentrantLock的使用方式**************************
public void test () throw Exception {
    // 1.初始化选择公平锁、非公平锁
    ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true);
    // 2.可用于代码块
    lock.lock();
    try {
        try {
            // 3.支持多种加锁方式，比较灵活; 具有可重入特性
            if(lock.tryLock(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)){ }
        } finally {
            // 4.手动释放锁
            lock.unlock()
        }
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock#NonfairSync

// 非公平锁
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
    ...
    final void lock() {
        if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
        else
            acquire(1);
        }
  ...
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock#FairSync

static final class FairSync extends Sync {
  ...  
    final void lock() {
        acquire(1);
    }
  ...
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private volatile int state;

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock

static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
    ...
    final void lock() {
        if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
        else
            acquire(1);
    }
  ...
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

public final void acquire(int arg) {
    if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
        selfInterrupt();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
    Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
    // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
    Node pred = tail;
    if (pred != null) {
        node.prev = pred;
        if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
            pred.next = node;
            return node;
        }
    }
    enq(node);
    return node;
}
private final boolean compareAndSetTail(Node expect, Node update) {
    return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, tailOffset, expect, update);
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

static {
    try {
        stateOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("state"));
        headOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("head"));
        tailOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("tail"));
        waitStatusOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Node.class.getDeclaredField("waitStatus"));
        nextOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Node.class.getDeclaredField("next"));
    } catch (Exception ex) { 
    throw new Error(ex); 
  }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private Node enq(final Node node) {
    for (;;) {
        Node t = tail;
        if (t == null) { // Must initialize
            if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
                tail = head;
        } else {
            node.prev = t;
            if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
                t.next = node;
                return t;
            }
        }
    }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock

public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
    // The correctness of this depends on head being initialized
    // before tail and on head.next being accurate if the current
    // thread is first in queue.
    Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
    Node h = head;
    Node s;
    return h != t && ((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#enq

if (t == null) { // Must initialize
    if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
        tail = head;
} else {
    node.prev = t;
    if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
        t.next = node;
        return t;
    }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

public final void acquire(int arg) {
    if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
        selfInterrupt();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
    // 标记是否成功拿到资源
    boolean failed = true;
    try {
        // 标记等待过程中是否中断过
        boolean interrupted = false;
        // 开始自旋，要么获取锁，要么中断
        for (;;) {
            // 获取当前节点的前驱节点
            final Node p = node.predecessor();
            // 如果p是头结点，说明当前节点在真实数据队列的首部，就尝试获取锁（别忘了头结点是虚节点）
            if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                // 获取锁成功，头指针移动到当前node
                setHead(node);
                p.next = null; // help GC
                failed = false;
                return interrupted;
            }
            // 说明p为头节点且当前没有获取到锁（可能是非公平锁被抢占了）或者是p不为头结点，这个时候就要判断当前node是否要被阻塞（被阻塞条件：前驱节点的waitStatus为-1），防止无限循环浪费资源。具体两个方法下面细细分析
            if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                interrupted = true;
        }
    } finally {
        if (failed)
            cancelAcquire(node);
    }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private void setHead(Node node) {
    head = node;
    node.thread = null;
    node.prev = null;
}

// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

// 靠前驱节点判断当前线程是否应该被阻塞
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
    // 获取头结点的节点状态
    int ws = pred.waitStatus;
    // 说明头结点处于唤醒状态
    if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
        return true; 
    // 通过枚举值我们知道waitStatus>0是取消状态
    if (ws > 0) {
        do {
            // 循环向前查找取消节点，把取消节点从队列中剔除
            node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
        } while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
        pred.next = node;
    } else {
        // 设置前任节点等待状态为SIGNAL
        compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
    }
    return false;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
    LockSupport.park(this);
    return Thread.interrupted();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
    boolean failed = true;
    try {
    ...
        for (;;) {
            final Node p = node.predecessor();
            if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                ...
                failed = false;
        ...
            }
            ...
    } finally {
        if (failed)
            cancelAcquire(node);
        }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
  // 将无效节点过滤
    if (node == null)
        return;
  // 设置该节点不关联任何线程，也就是虚节点
    node.thread = null;
    Node pred = node.prev;
  // 通过前驱节点，跳过取消状态的node
    while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
        node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
  // 获取过滤后的前驱节点的后继节点
    Node predNext = pred.next;
  // 把当前node的状态设置为CANCELLED
    node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
  // 如果当前节点是尾节点，将从后往前的第一个非取消状态的节点设置为尾节点
  // 更新失败的话，则进入else，如果更新成功，将tail的后继节点设置为null
    if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
        compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
    } else {
        int ws;
    // 如果当前节点不是head的后继节点，1:判断当前节点前驱节点的是否为SIGNAL，2:如果不是，则把前驱节点设置为SINGAL看是否成功
    // 如果1和2中有一个为true，再判断当前节点的线程是否为null
    // 如果上述条件都满足，把当前节点的前驱节点的后继指针指向当前节点的后继节点
        if (pred != head && ((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL || (ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) && pred.thread != null) {
            Node next = node.next;
            if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
                compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
        } else {
      // 如果当前节点是head的后继节点，或者上述条件不满足，那就唤醒当前节点的后继节点
            unparkSuccessor(node);
        }
        node.next = node; // help GC
    }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock

public void unlock() {
    sync.release(1);
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

public final boolean release(int arg) {
    if (tryRelease(arg)) {
        Node h = head;
        if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
            unparkSuccessor(h);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.Sync

// 方法返回当前锁是不是没有被线程持有
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
    // 减少可重入次数
    int c = getState() - releases;
    // 当前线程不是持有锁的线程，抛出异常
    if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
        throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
    boolean free = false;
    // 如果持有线程全部释放，将当前独占锁所有线程设置为null，并更新state
    if (c == 0) {
        free = true;
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
    }
    setState(c);
    return free;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

public final boolean release(int arg) {
    // 上边自定义的tryRelease如果返回true，说明该锁没有被任何线程持有
    if (tryRelease(arg)) {
        // 获取头结点
        Node h = head;
        // 头结点不为空并且头结点的waitStatus不是初始化节点情况，解除线程挂起状态
        if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
            unparkSuccessor(h);
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
    // 获取头结点waitStatus
    int ws = node.waitStatus;
    if (ws < 0)
        compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
    // 获取当前节点的下一个节点
    Node s = node.next;
    // 如果下个节点是null或者下个节点被cancelled，就找到队列最开始的非cancelled的节点
    if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
        s = null;
        // 就从尾部节点开始找，到队首，找到队列第一个waitStatus<0的节点。
        for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
            if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
                s = t;
    }
    // 如果当前节点的下个节点不为空，而且状态<=0，就把当前节点unpark
    if (s != null)
        LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
    Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
    // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
    Node pred = tail;
    if (pred != null) {
        node.prev = pred;
        if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
            pred.next = node;
            return node;
        }
    }
    enq(node);
    return node;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
    LockSupport.park(this);
    return Thread.interrupted();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
    boolean failed = true;
    try {
        boolean interrupted = false;
        for (;;) {
            final Node p = node.predecessor();
            if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                setHead(node);
                p.next = null; // help GC
                failed = false;
                return interrupted;
            }
            if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                interrupted = true;
            }
    } finally {
        if (failed)
            cancelAcquire(node);
    }
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

static void selfInterrupt() {
    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.FairSync#tryAcquire

if (c == 0) {
    if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() && compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
        return true;
    }
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
    int nextc = c + acquires;
    if (nextc < 0)
        throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
    setState(nextc);
    return true;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.Sync#nonfairTryAcquire

if (c == 0) {
    if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)){
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
        return true;
    }
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
    int nextc = c + acquires;
    if (nextc < 0) // overflow
        throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
    setState(nextc);
    return true;
}

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// java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

private volatile int state;

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public class LeeLock  {

    private static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        @Override
        protected boolean tryAcquire (int arg) {
            return compareAndSetState(0, 1);
        }

        @Override
        protected boolean tryRelease (int arg) {
            setState(0);
            return true;
        }

        @Override
        protected boolean isHeldExclusively () {
            return getState() == 1;
        }
    }

    private Sync sync = new Sync();

    public void lock () {
        sync.acquire(1);
    }

    public void unlock () {
        sync.release(1);
    }
}

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public class LeeMain {

    static int count = 0;
    static LeeLock leeLock = new LeeLock();

    public static void main (String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override            public void run () {
                try {
                    leeLock.lock();
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
                        count++;
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    leeLock.unlock();
                }

            }
        };
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(runnable);
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(runnable);
        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
        thread1.join();
        thread2.join();
        System.out.println(count);
    }
}